What are the sympthoms of macular oedema?

Question:

An eye disease that diabetics might get.

Answers:
History:

Ocular history
Diabetic history - Specific inquiry should be made into risk factors for the development of DR.
Type of diabetes - After 20 years of disease, nearly all patients with type I and 60% of patients with type II have some degree of retinopathy.
Duration of the diabetes - Increased risk of DR
Age of patient - DR is more likely to present in patients older than 40 years.
Diabetic control - The Diabetes Control and Complication Trail (DCCT) has clearly demonstrated that tighter control of blood sugar is associated with reduced incidence of DR. (Glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] should be less than 7%.)
Renal disease - Proteinuria is a good marker for the development of DR; thus, patients with diabetic nephropathy should be observed more closely.
Systemic hypertension - Increased risk of retinopathy (DR with superimposed hypertensive retinopathy)
Triglycerides and lipids - Normalization of lipid levels reduces retinal leakage and exudates deposition.
Pregnancy - DR can progress rapidly in pregnant women, especially those with preexisting DR.

Physical: Funduscopy under stereopsis and high magnification should be performed on every patient with diabetes to assess for DME and DR. An indirect ophthalmoscope does not provide adequate magnification for the ophthalmologist to diagnose DME.

DME is defined as retinal thickening within 2 disc diameters of the center of the macula.
Focal edema is associated with hard exudate rings resulting from leakage from microaneurysms.
Diffuse edema results from breakdown of blood-retinal barrier with leakage from microaneurysms, retinal capillaries, and arterioles.
CSME, as defined by the ETDRS, exists with any of the following findings:
Retinal thickening within 500 mm of the center of the fovea
Hard, yellow exudates within 500 mm of the center of the fovea with adjacent retinal thickening
At least 1 disc area of retinal thickening, any part of which is within 1 disc diameter of the center of the fovea
Other physical findings that should be noted include the following:
Visual acuity is an important parameter in following the progression of CSME, although it does not aid in the diagnosis of CSME because patients may have a visual acuity of 20/20.
The status of the posterior hyaloid; detached, taut, thickened
Causes: Causes include the following:

After 20 years of the disease, nearly all patients with type I diabetes mellitus and 60% of patients with type II diabetes mellitus will have some degree of retinopathy.
Poor control of blood sugar increases the risk of diabetic retinopathy.
Renal disease can be a marker for the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Systemic hypertension increases the risk of diabetic retinopathy.
Elevated lipid levels increase the risk of leakage and exudate deposits.

Other Answers:
The best way to look for macular edema is just have your eye doctor look in your eye. Since macular edema refers to something happening inside the eye it would be hard to just see it on symptom's, especially if you are trying to catch it early on. However, you will notice that you are losing peripheral vision.

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What are the sympthoms of macular oedema?

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