how immune system is activated?

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The innate immune system, when activated, has a wide array of effector cells and mechanisms. There are several different types of phagocytic cells, which ingest and destroy invading pathogens. The most common phagocytes are neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Another cell type, natural killer cells are especially adept at destroying cells infected with viruses. Another component of the innate immune system is known as the complement system. Complement proteins are normally inactive components of the blood. However, when activated by the recognition of a pathogen or antibody, the various proteins are activated to recruit inflammatory cells, coat pathogens to make them more easily phagocytosed, and to make destructive pores in the surfaces of pathogens.

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The immune system is activated by antigens (proteins) that are viewed by your white blood cells (T-helper cells) to be foreign. How your body judges whether an antigen is foreign is very interesting. Cells are developed before birth and after that continually "taste" other cells with their receptors. It is a really complicated process, but basically your body will kill white blood cells that identify your own cells/antigens. This is so that you don't attack yourself but just bacteria/viruses/etc. Cells that don't recognize your antigens strongly are left to grow. When they come across the foreign antigen, they are activiated and start to multiply and can activate other cells called B cells to start making antibody against the antigen that they recognize. In people who have allergies their immune system is hyperactive to foreign antigens because some immune pathways work too well. There are many things involved in how your immune system is activated to explain here. Hope that helps.

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how immune system is activated?

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