what is yellow fever?


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Yellow fever is a disease of the liver called Hepatitis. Everyone should be immunised against Hepatitis. If I'm not wrong, there are Hepatitis A, B and C. If you wish to know further, see a doctor who will explain better to you. Meanwhile, the home remedy (beside the doctor's medication,, which should be taken religiously) is drinking yellow coloured skinned coconut water. It cools down the body and helps faster in the healing of yellow fever.

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Yellow Fever is a viral infection that causes damage to the liver, kidney, heart and gastrointestinal tract. Major symptoms may include sudden onset of fever, yellowing of the skin (jaundice) and hemorrhage. It occurs predominately in South America, the Caribbean Islands and Africa. The disease is spread through bites of infected mosquitoes.
Source(s):
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Yellow fever (also called yellow jack, black vomit, or sometimes American Plague) is an acute viral disease.
Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted between humans by a mosquito. Yellow fever is a very rare cause of illness in travelers, but most countries have regulations and requirements for yellow fever vaccination that must be met prior to entering the country. General precautions to avoid mosquito bites should be followed. These include the use of insect repellent, protective clothing, and mosquito netting. Yellow fever vaccine is a live virus vaccine which has been used for several decades. A single dose confers immunity lasting 10 years or more. If a person is at continued risk of yellow fever infection, a booster dose is needed every 10 years. Adults and children over 9 months can take this vaccine. Administration of immune globulin does not interfere with the antibody response to yellow fever vaccine.

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It is a disease from being bit by a mosquito.
It causes a high fever ,sleepiness ,and yellowing of the skin and eyes.That is caused by Jaundice ,which is the liver releasing large amounts of bile and bilyrubin.

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a fever which is yellow
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What is yellow fever?

Yellow fever is a serious viral infection, transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical regions. It has both an urban cycle and a jungle cycle that relies on monkeys as carriers ('sylvatic cycle').

In mild cases the symptoms are similar to influenza, but serious cases develop a high temperature and may have a series of after effects, such as internal bleeding, kidney failure and meningitis.

A classic feature of yellow fever is hepatitis, which is the reason for the yellow colouring of the skin (jaundice) and the name of the disease.

Yellow fever can cause sudden epidemics, with a mortality rate of almost 50 per cent. Although a safe, efficient vaccine has been available for the last 60 years, epidemics still occur, constituting a health risk in tropical regions.

The disease is covered by the International Quarantine Regulations, which are taken very seriously by authorities everywhere. Therefore, the vaccine has to be administered by a specially authorised doctor.

In the UK you can only obtain the yellow fever vaccination from a designated Yellow Fever Clinic.

What causes yellow fever?

Yellow fever virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family, other members of which cause dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis.

The virus is introduced into the bloodstream via the saliva of the mosquito as it bites.

The virus can then be transported around the body and reproduce itself in a variety of the body's cells, usually the liver, kidneys and blood vessels. In serious cases, these cells may become damaged themselves.

In addition, the cells of the immune system are affected and release large quantities of signalling substances. These substances are the cause of the normal disease symptoms, such as muscular pain and fever, which are also observed in influenza.

How is yellow fever passed on?

The virus is transmitted among humans by a couple of species of mosquito, including Aedes egyptii, which can also transmit dengue fever. It is an unexplained fact that despite the presence of the Aedes mosquito in Asia, yellow fever is limited to Africa and South America.

In its original jungle cycle, the mosquito sucks the blood of an infected monkey. The mosquito develops a permanent infection, in which the virus accumulates in its salivary glands. Then the mosquito bites another monkey, which then also becomes infected with the virus.

A person travelling through the jungle may also become infected by an infected mosquito. When this person returns to urban areas, a new cycle begins.

Urban cycles start when an infected traveller returns from the jungle. A mosquito bites the traveller, who then becomes infected and passes the virus on to other people, and either an epidemic breaks out, or an endemic situation is perpetuated.

Where does yellow fever occur and how many people are affected?

The virus is permanently prevalent, with a more or less constant number of sufferers (ie it is endemic) in several tropical regions of Africa and on the continent of America.

In addition, there is an increasing number of epidemics, in which a large number of people suddenly develop yellow fever.

Every year about 200,000 cases of yellow fever are recorded, and 30,000 of these die, but the figures are underestimated because of poor record-keeping.

In total, yellow fever occurs in 33 countries and 468 million people are at risk of catching the disease.

As yet there is no yellow fever in Asia, but it is feared that the high level of international travel could introduce the virus by means of infected people. Mosquitoes do live here, and they could potentially transmit the disease and create a new reservoir.

Consequently, the countries of Asia have very strict quarantine regulations, which apply if you arrive without a valid vaccination certificate travelling from areas in Africa and Latin America, where yellow fever occurs.

What are the symptoms of the disease?

The incubation period from infection to developing yellow fever is 3 to 16 days.

Mortality ranges from 5 per cent to 40 per cent. Some people do not develop a serious form of the disease. They may have no symptoms at all or just a mild influenza-like illness.

In the actual full-blown disease there is:


high fever


generalised symptoms like violent headache, muscular pain, upset stomach and loss of fluid.


The fever dies down after three to four days and the general condition improves. However, in about 15 per cent of cases the fever returns within 24 hours and a dangerous situation develops.

The danger signals

Various systems in the body are affected during this phase. Anaemia (lack of red blood cells) develops as well as liver inflammation, hepatitis and jaundice.

The kidneys are also affected and bleeding from the mouth, nose and stomach may occur, which leads to blood in vomit and faeces.

The majority of patients who experience bleeding die in a short space of time.

What can you do yourself?

There is a vaccine, which is very effective against yellow fever. It protects you from 10 days after the vaccination, which is administered in a single injection. Current advice is to have it repeated every 10 years.

It is recommended for all areas where the disease occurs.

Requirement for yellow fever vaccination

In some countries where there are mosquitoes that could transmit the virus, actual documentation is required, stating that you have been vaccinated against yellow fever before you can obtain permission to enter the country. This can be provided by a stamp in the yellow international vaccination card issued by a WHO recognised vaccination centre.

To be on the safe side, it has been agreed internationally that the vaccination provides protection for 10 years. After that you have to be vaccinated again, even though the first vaccination may still be effective for a little while longer.

Preventing mosquito bites

Apart from vaccination, prevention of mosquito bites is the best way of avoiding yellow fever. However, because the disease is so dangerous, taking a chance and going without vaccination is absolutely not recommended.

In many poor countries where for one reason or another vaccination is not available, bite avoidance may be the only method of protecting the local population.

How is the disease diagnosed?

The disease may be difficult to distinguish from other illnesses, especially in the early stages. To confirm any suspicions from the case history and information on the patient's journeys abroad, the doctor has to take a blood sample.

In the laboratory, specific yellow fever virus antibodies can be detected in the blood.

What treatment is there for yellow fever?

There are no medicines that are effective against this virus.

Serious cases of yellow fever always need hospital treatment. As there are no products that combat the virus itself, the doctor can only treat the symptoms.

If there is a lack of fluid in the body, leading to disturbances in the electrolyte balance, this can be remedied by administration of fluids by intravenous drip.

In mild cases, the pain may be relieved with simple painkillers. High temperatures can be treated by cooling the patient and giving them appropriate medicines to lower the temperature, such as aspirin (eg Disprin) or ibuprofen (eg Nurofen).

Paracetamol (eg Panadol) is probably best avoided if there is already evidence of liver damage.
Source(s):
What is yellow fever?

Yellow fever is a serious viral infection, transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical regions. It has both an urban cycle and a jungle cycle that relies on monkeys as carriers ('sylvatic cycle').

In mild cases the symptoms are similar to influenza, but serious cases develop a high temperature and may have a series of after effects, such as internal bleeding, kidney failure and meningitis.

A classic feature of yellow fever is hepatitis, which is the reason for the yellow colouring of the skin (jaundice) and the name of the disease.

Yellow fever can cause sudden epidemics, with a mortality rate of almost 50 per cent. Although a safe, efficient vaccine has been available for the last 60 years, epidemics still occur, constituting a health risk in tropical regions.

The disease is covered by the International Quarantine Regulations, which are taken very seriously by authorities everywhere. Therefore, the vaccine has to be administered by a specially authorised doctor.

In the UK you can only obtain the yellow fever vaccination from a designated Yellow Fever Clinic.

What causes yellow fever?

Yellow fever virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family, other members of which cause dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis.

The virus is introduced into the bloodstream via the saliva of the mosquito as it bites.

The virus can then be transported around the body and reproduce itself in a variety of the body's cells, usually the liver, kidneys and blood vessels. In serious cases, these cells may become damaged themselves.

In addition, the cells of the immune system are affected and release large quantities of signalling substances. These substances are the cause of the normal disease symptoms, such as muscular pain and fever, which are also observed in influenza.

How is yellow fever passed on?

The virus is transmitted among humans by a couple of species of mosquito, including Aedes egyptii, which can also transmit dengue fever. It is an unexplained fact that despite the presence of the Aedes mosquito in Asia, yellow fever is limited to Africa and South America.

In its original jungle cycle, the mosquito sucks the blood of an infected monkey. The mosquito develops a permanent infection, in which the virus accumulates in its salivary glands. Then the mosquito bites another monkey, which then also becomes infected with the virus.

A person travelling through the jungle may also become infected by an infected mosquito. When this person returns to urban areas, a new cycle begins.

Urban cycles start when an infected traveller returns from the jungle. A mosquito bites the traveller, who then becomes infected and passes the virus on to other people, and either an epidemic breaks out, or an endemic situation is perpetuated.

Where does yellow fever occur and how many people are affected?

The virus is permanently prevalent, with a more or less constant number of sufferers (ie it is endemic) in several tropical regions of Africa and on the continent of America.

In addition, there is an increasing number of epidemics, in which a large number of people suddenly develop yellow fever.

Every year about 200,000 cases of yellow fever are recorded, and 30,000 of these die, but the figures are underestimated because of poor record-keeping.

In total, yellow fever occurs in 33 countries and 468 million people are at risk of catching the disease.

As yet there is no yellow fever in Asia, but it is feared that the high level of international travel could introduce the virus by means of infected people. Mosquitoes do live here, and they could potentially transmit the disease and create a new reservoir.

Consequently, the countries of Asia have very strict quarantine regulations, which apply if you arrive without a valid vaccination certificate travelling from areas in Africa and Latin America, where yellow fever occurs.

What are the symptoms of the disease?

The incubation period from infection to developing yellow fever is 3 to 16 days.

Mortality ranges from 5 per cent to 40 per cent. Some people do not develop a serious form of the disease. They may have no symptoms at all or just a mild influenza-like illness.

In the actual full-blown disease there is:


high fever


generalised symptoms like violent headache, muscular pain, upset stomach and loss of fluid.


The fever dies down after three to four days and the general condition improves. However, in about 15 per cent of cases the fever returns within 24 hours and a dangerous situation develops.

The danger signals

Various systems in the body are affected during this phase. Anaemia (lack of red blood cells) develops as well as liver inflammation, hepatitis and jaundice.

The kidneys are also affected and bleeding from the mouth, nose and stomach may occur, which leads to blood in vomit and faeces.

The majority of patients who experience bleeding die in a short space of time.

What can you do yourself?

There is a vaccine, which is very effective against yellow fever. It protects you from 10 days after the vaccination, which is administered in a single injection. Current advice is to have it repeated every 10 years.

It is recommended for all areas where the disease occurs.

Requirement for yellow fever vaccination

In some countries where there are mosquitoes that could transmit the virus, actual documentation is required, stating that you have been vaccinated against yellow fever before you can obtain permission to enter the country. This can be provided by a stamp in the yellow international vaccination card issued by a WHO recognised vaccination centre.

To be on the safe side, it has been agreed internationally that the vaccination provides protection for 10 years. After that you have to be vaccinated again, even though the first vaccination may still be effective for a little while longer.

Preventing mosquito bites

Apart from vaccination, prevention of mosquito bites is the best way of avoiding yellow fever. However, because the disease is so dangerous, taking a chance and going without vaccination is absolutely not recommended.

In many poor countries where for one reason or another vaccination is not available, bite avoidance may be the only method of protecting the local population.

How is the disease diagnosed?

The disease may be difficult to distinguish from other illnesses, especially in the early stages. To confirm any suspicions from the case history and information on the patient's journeys abroad, the doctor has to take a blood sample.

In the laboratory, specific yellow fever virus antibodies can be detected in the blood.

What treatment is there for yellow fever?

There are no medicines that are effective against this virus.

Serious cases of yellow fever always need hospital treatment. As there are no products that combat the virus itself, the doctor can only treat the symptoms.

If there is a lack of fluid in the body, leading to disturbances in the electrolyte balance, this can be remedied by administration of fluids by intravenous drip.

In mild cases, the pain may be relieved with simple painkillers. High temperatures can be treated by cooling the patient and giving them appropriate medicines to lower the temperature, such as aspirin (eg Disprin) or ibuprofen (eg Nurofen). Paracetamol (eg Panadol) is probably best avoided if there is already evidence of liver damage.


What is yellow fever?

Yellow fever is a serious viral infection, transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical regions. It has both an urban cycle and a jungle cycle that relies on monkeys as carriers ('sylvatic cycle').

In mild cases the symptoms are similar to influenza, but serious cases develop a high temperature and may have a series of after effects, such as internal bleeding, kidney failure and meningitis.

A classic feature of yellow fever is hepatitis, which is the reason for the yellow colouring of the skin (jaundice) and the name of the disease.

Yellow fever can cause sudden epidemics, with a mortality rate of almost 50 per cent. Although a safe, efficient vaccine has been available for the last 60 years, epidemics still occur, constituting a health risk in tropical regions.

The disease is covered by the International Quarantine Regulations, which are taken very seriously by authorities everywhere. Therefore, the vaccine has to be administered by a specially authorised doctor.

In the UK you can only obtain the yellow fever vaccination from a designated Yellow Fever Clinic.

What causes yellow fever?

Yellow fever virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family, other members of which cause dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis.

The virus is introduced into the bloodstream via the saliva of the mosquito as it bites.

The virus can then be transported around the body and reproduce itself in a variety of the body's cells, usually the liver, kidneys and blood vessels. In serious cases, these cells may become damaged themselves.

In addition, the cells of the immune system are affected and release large quantities of signalling substances. These substances are the cause of the normal disease symptoms, such as muscular pain and fever, which are also observed in influenza.

How is yellow fever passed on?

The virus is transmitted among humans by a couple of species of mosquito, including Aedes egyptii, which can also transmit dengue fever. It is an unexplained fact that despite the presence of the Aedes mosquito in Asia, yellow fever is limited to Africa and South America.

In its original jungle cycle, the mosquito sucks the blood of an infected monkey. The mosquito develops a permanent infection, in which the virus accumulates in its salivary glands. Then the mosquito bites another monkey, which then also becomes infected with the virus.

A person travelling through the jungle may also become infected by an infected mosquito. When this person returns to urban areas, a new cycle begins.

Urban cycles start when an infected traveller returns from the jungle. A mosquito bites the traveller, who then becomes infected and passes the virus on to other people, and either an epidemic breaks out, or an endemic situation is perpetuated.

Where does yellow fever occur and how many people are affected?

The virus is permanently prevalent, with a more or less constant number of sufferers (ie it is endemic) in several tropical regions of Africa and on the continent of America.

In addition, there is an increasing number of epidemics, in which a large number of people suddenly develop yellow fever.

Every year about 200,000 cases of yellow fever are recorded, and 30,000 of these die, but the figures are underestimated because of poor record-keeping.

In total, yellow fever occurs in 33 countries and 468 million people are at risk of catching the disease.

As yet there is no yellow fever in Asia, but it is feared that the high level of international travel could introduce the virus by means of infected people. Mosquitoes do live here, and they could potentially transmit the disease and create a new reservoir.

Consequently, the countries of Asia have very strict quarantine regulations, which apply if you arrive without a valid vaccination certificate travelling from areas in Africa and Latin America, where yellow fever occurs.

What are the symptoms of the disease?

The incubation period from infection to developing yellow fever is 3 to 16 days.

Mortality ranges from 5 per cent to 40 per cent. Some people do not develop a serious form of the disease. They may have no symptoms at all or just a mild influenza-like illness.

In the actual full-blown disease there is:


high fever


generalised symptoms like violent headache, muscular pain, upset stomach and loss of fluid.


The fever dies down after three to four days and the general condition improves. However, in about 15 per cent of cases the fever returns within 24 hours and a dangerous situation develops.

The danger signals

Various systems in the body are affected during this phase. Anaemia (lack of red blood cells) develops as well as liver inflammation, hepatitis and jaundice.

The kidneys are also affected and bleeding from the mouth, nose and stomach may occur, which leads to blood in vomit and faeces.

The majority of patients who experience bleeding die in a short space of time.

What can you do yourself?

There is a vaccine, which is very effective against yellow fever. It protects you from 10 days after the vaccination, which is administered in a single injection. Current advice is to have it repeated every 10 years.

It is recommended for all areas where the disease occurs.

Requirement for yellow fever vaccination

In some countries where there are mosquitoes that could transmit the virus, actual documentation is required, stating that you have been vaccinated against yellow fever before you can obtain permission to enter the country. This can be provided by a stamp in the yellow international vaccination card issued by a WHO recognised vaccination centre.

To be on the safe side, it has been agreed internationally that the vaccination provides protection for 10 years. After that you have to be vaccinated again, even though the first vaccination may still be effective for a little while longer.

Preventing mosquito bites

Apart from vaccination, prevention of mosquito bites is the best way of avoiding yellow fever. However, because the disease is so dangerous, taking a chance and going without vaccination is absolutely not recommended.

In many poor countries where for one reason or another vaccination is not available, bite avoidance may be the only method of protecting the local population.

How is the disease diagnosed?

The disease may be difficult to distinguish from other illnesses, especially in the early stages. To confirm any suspicions from the case history and information on the patient's journeys abroad, the doctor has to take a blood sample.

In the laboratory, specific yellow fever virus antibodies can be detected in the blood.

What treatment is there for yellow fever?

There are no medicines that are effective against this virus.

Serious cases of yellow fever always need hospital treatment. As there are no products that combat the virus itself, the doctor can only treat the symptoms.

If there is a lack of fluid in the body, leading to disturbances in the electrolyte balance, this can be remedied by administration of fluids by intravenous drip.

In mild cases, the pain may be relieved with simple painkillers. High temperatures can be treated by cooling the patient and giving them appropriate medicines to lower the temperature, such as aspirin (eg Disprin) or ibuprofen (eg Nurofen).


http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/travel/diseases/yellowfever.htm

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i havve that problem to buddy, it happens to the best of us
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