pl send to me details on THYROID DISORDER AND ITS TREATMENT.?

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The thyroid is one of the larger endocrine glands in the body. It is located in the neck and produces hormones, principally thyroxine and triiodothyronine , that regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body.
The thyroid gland is supplied by two pairs of arteries: the superior and inferior thyroid arteries of each side. The superior thyroid artery is the first branch of the external carotid, and supplies mostly the upper half of the thyroid gland, while the inferior thyroid artery is the major branch of the thyrocervical trunk, which comes off of the subclavian artery. In 10% of people, there is an additional thyroid artery, the thyreoidea ima, that arises from the brachiocephalic trunk or the arch of the aorta. Lymph drainage follows the arterial supply.

There are three main veins that drain the thyroid to the superior vena cava: the superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins.

Thyroxine is synthesised by the follicular cells from the tyrosine residues of the protein called thyroglobulin (TG). Iodine, captured with the "iodine trap" is activated by the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and linked to the 3' and 5' sites of the benzene ring of the tyrosine residues on TG. Upon stimulation by TSH (see below), the follicular cells reabsorb TG and proteolytically cleave the iodinated tyrosines from TG, forming T4 and T3 (in T3, one iodine is absent compared to T4), and releasing them into the blood. Thyroid hormone that is secreted from the gland is about 90% T4 and about 10% T3.

Diseases of the thyroid gland

Hypothyroidism :

Hashimoto's thyroiditis / thyroiditis
Ord's thyroiditis
Postoperative hypothyroidism
Postpartum thyroiditis
Silent thyroiditis
Acute thyroiditis
Iatrogenic hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism:

Thyroid storm
Graves-Basedow disease
Toxic thyroid nodule
Toxic nodular struma (Plummer's disease)
Hashitoxicosis
Iatrogenic hyperthyroidism

Anatomical problems:

Goitre
Endemic goitre
Diffuse goitre
Multinodular goitre
Lingual thyroid
Thryoglossal duct cyst

Tumors:

Thyroid adenoma
Thyroid cancer
Papillary
Follicular
Medullary
Anaplastic
Lymphomas and metastasis from elsewhere (rare)

Medical treatment:

Levothyroxine is a stereoisomer of thyroxine which is degraded much slower and can be administered once daily in patients with hypothyroidism.
Graves' disease may be treated with the thioamide drugs propylthiouracil, carbimazole or methimazole, or rarely with Lugol's solution. Hyperthyroidism as well as thyroid tumors may be treated with radioactive iodine.

Thyroid surgery is performed for a variety of reasons. A nodule or lobe of the thyroid is sometimes removed for biopsy or for the presence of an autonomously functioning adenoma causing hyperthyroidism. A large majority of the thyroid may be removed, a subtotal thyroidectomy, to treat the hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease, or to remove a goitre that is unsightly or impinges on vital structures. A complete thyroidectomy of the entire thyroid, including associated lymph nodes, is the preferred treatment for thyroid cancer. Removal of the bulk of the thyroid gland usually produces hypothyroidism, unless the person takes thyroid hormone replacement.

Other Answers:
http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/t/thyroid/intro.htm

Not sure what exact thyroid disorder you are referring to, therefore the attached site has wonderful information. Hope this helps.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid
Source(s):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid

I know if you have a thryoid disorder you can lose alot of weight and also lose hair

Thyroid disease falls into 2 major functional categories; conditions that produce too little thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism) and conditions that produce too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism). In general, excessive replacement of thyroid hormone in medications can also result in signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. One of the problems that occurs when the thyroid is too active, or when too much thyroid hormone medication is given, is bone loss from osteoporosis.With the exception of certain conditions, the treatment of hypothyroidism requires life-long therapy. Before synthetic levothyroxine (T4) was available, desiccated thyroid tablets were used. Desiccated thyroid was obtained from animal thyroid glands, which lacked consistency of potency from batch to batch. Presently, a pure, synthetic T4 is widely available. Therefore, there is no reason to use desiccated thyroid extract.

As mentioned earlier, the most active thyroid hormone is actually T3. So why do physicians choose to treat patients with the T4 form of thyroid? T3 (Cytomel) is available and there are certain indications for its use. However, for the majority of patients, a form of T4 (Levoxyl, Synthroid) is the preferred treatment. This is a more stable form of thyroid hormone and requires once a day dosing, whereas T3 is much shorter-acting and needs to be taken multiple times a day. In the overwhelming majority of patients, synthetic T4 is readily and steadily converted to T3 naturally in the bloodstream, and this conversion is appropriately regulated by the body's tissues.

The average dose of T4 replacement in adults is approximately 1.6 micrograms per kilogram per day. This translates into approximately 100 to 150 micrograms per day. Children require larger doses. In young, healthy patients, the full amount of T4 replacement hormone may be started initially. In patients with preexisting heart disease, this method of thyroid replacement may aggravate the underlying heart condition in about 20% of cases. In older patients without known heart disease, starting with a full dose of thyroid replacement may result in uncovering heart disease, resulting in chest pain or a heart attack. For this reason, patients with a history of heart disease or those suspected of being at high risk are started with 25 micrograms or less of replacement hormone, with a gradual increase in the dose at 6 week intervals.

Ideally, synthetic T4 replacement should be taken in the morning, 30 minutes before eating. Other medications containing iron or antacids should be avoided, because they interfere with absorption.. There are 2 main antithyroid drugs available for use in the United States, methimazole (Tapazole) and propylthiouracil ( PTU). These drugs accumulate in the thyroid tissue and block production of thyroid hormones. PTU also blocks the conversion of T4 hormone to the more metabolically active T3 hormone. The major risk of these medications is occasional suppression of production of white blood cells by the bone marrow (agranulocytosis). (White cells are needed to fight infection.) It is impossible to tell if and when this side effect is going to occur, so regular determination of white blood cells in the blood are not useful. It is important for patients to know that if they develop a fever, a sore throat, or any signs of infection while taking methimazole or propylthiouracil, they should see a doctor immediately. While a concern, the actual risk of developing agranulocytosis is less than 1%. In general, patients should be seen by the doctor at monthly intervals while taking antithyroid medication. The dose is adjusted to maintain the patient in as close to a normal thyroid state as possible (euthyroid). Once the dosing is stable, patients can be seen at three month intervals if long-term therapy is planned.

Usually, long-term antithyroid therapy is only used for patients with Graves' disease, since this disease may actually go into remission under treatment without requiring treatment with thyroid radiation or surgery. If treated from one to two years, the data shows remission rates of 40-70%. When the disease is in remission, the gland is no longer overactive, and antithyroid medication is not needed. Recent studies also have shown that adding a pill of thyroid hormone to the antithyroid medication actually results in higher remission rates. The rationale for this may be that by providing an external source for thyroid hormone, higher doses of antithyroid medications can be given, which may suppress the overactive immune system in persons with Graves' disease. This type of therapy remains controversial, however. When long-term therapy is withdrawn, patients should continue to be seen by the doctor every 3 months for the first year, since a relapse of Graves' disease is most likely in this time period. If a patient does relapse, antithyroid drug therapy can be restarted, or radioactive iodine or surgery may be considered.

Radioactive Iodine

Radioactive iodine is given orally (either by pill or liquid) on a one-time basis to ablate a hyperactive

Surgery to partially remove the thyroid gland (partial thyroidectomy) was once a common form of treatment for hyperthyroidism. The goal is to remove the thyroid tissue that was producing the excessive thyroid hormone. However, if too much tissue is removed, an inadequate production of thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism) may result. In this case, thyroid replacement therapy is begun. The major complication of surgery is disruption of the surrounding tissue, including the nerves supplying the vocal cords and the four tiny glands in the neck that regulate calcium levels in the body (the parathyroid glands). Accidental removal of these glands may result in low calcium levels and require calcium replacement therapy.hope that helps

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pl send to me details on THYROID DISORDER AND ITS TREATMENT.?

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